GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Let’s studying Grammar.

GERUNDS: INTRODUCTION

A gerund is the –ing form of verb used as a noun ( gerund adalah kata kerja bentuk –ing/present participle yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda). Gerund is used in the same ways as anoun, as a subject or an object.

1.    Contoh gerund sebagai Subject :

Smoking is not good for our health.

                s        v

Fising needs patience.

                      s       v

Playing tennis is fun.

                     s                  v

Jika kita lihat contoh di atas terutama kata yang dicetak tebal maka itulah gerund sebagai subjek kalimat. Smoking, fising dan playing berasal dari verb. (kata kerja) yang mempunyai fungsi sama seperti Noun (kata benda).

2.    Contoh gerund sebagai objek kalimat.

We enjoy playing tennis.

  s       v         o

I enjoy living in this city.

s   v       o

3.    Kata kerja yang diikuti gerund:

Admit	Finish	Recollect
Avoid	Forget	Regret
Advise	Can’t help	Remember
Anticipate	Keep	Resent
Appreciate	Mention	Resist
Complete	Mind	Risk
Consider	Miss	Stop
Delay	Postpone	Suggest
Deny	Practice	Tolerate
Discuss	Quit	understand
Dislike	Recall
Enjoy	Finish

Contoh : She advised waiting until tomorrow.

                 We enjoy living in this tiny village

4.    Gerund juga dapat diletakan sesudah possesive adjective lho....

My, your, his, her, our their.

Her leaving made me sad.

I could hear her crying.

My refusing to help made him disappointed.

5.    Gerund juga dapat diletakan sesudah kata depan (preposition) mari kita lihat contohnya:

Jane is thinking of going to Japan next month.

My father has given up smoking.

She is afraid of meeting her boss in the office.

I am interested in seeing this film.

My sister is fond of dancing.

There is possibility of meeting him tomorrow.

I have no reason for leaving his village.

1.     

2.     

3.     

4.     

5.     

6.    Sesudah kata go dan come, kata kerja yang menunjukan sesuatu kegiatan fisik atau rekreasi.

Go boating Go dancing Go jogging Go shopping Go swimming

Go bowling Go fishing Go riding Go sightseeing Go shooting

Go camping Go hiking Go running Go skating Go golfing

Go canoeing Go hunting Go sailing Go sledding Go window shopping

Father usually goes hunting on Sunday morning.

Do you like going shooting in the forest?

How often does she go fishing with his friends?

7.    Gerund juga digunakan untuk menunjukan larangan (prohibition)

No parking

No smoking

No fishing

No camping

No spitting (dilarang meludah)

No trespassing (dilarang masuk tanpa izin)

TO INFINITIVES:

Ada beberapa fungsi dan penggunaan to infinitive di dalam kalimat yakni sebagai berikut:

1.    Sebagai subject:

To study hard makes us clever.

2.    Setelah kata kerja tertentu:

            Some verbs are followed immediately by an infinitive, example:

            Verb + infinitive

a)    I hope to see you again soon.

b)    He promissed to be here by soon.

c)    He promised not to be late.

3.    Setelah objek pelaku

            Verb + pronoun + infinitive

a)      Mr.Lee told me to be here at ten o’clock.

b)      The police ordered the driver to stop.

Verbs followed by an infinitive

Afford Agree Appear Arrange Ask Beg Care Claim Consent Decide Demand Deserve Expect fail Forget Hesitate Hope Learn

Manage Mean Need Offer Plan Prepare Pretend Promise Refuse Regret Remember Seem Threaten Volunteer Wait Want wish

Example:

1.    I want to tell you something.

2.    I will wait to hear from you.

3.    I remembered to lock the door.

Verbs followed by a pronoun + an infinitive:

Advise Allow Ask Beg Cause Challenge

Remind Expect Forbid Teach Tell want

Example:

1. I want you to be happy.

2. My brother taught me to swim.

4.    Setelah kata sifat (adjective)

1.  She is clever to study hard.

2.  He is careful to finish his job.

EXERCISES: Supply the corect form (to infinitive or gerund) of the verb in parentheses to the following sentences.

1.    I remember ...London when I was six years old. (visit)

2.    Don’t forget ... the front door before you leave. (lock)

3.    I regret ... you that your brother has just got an accident. (tell)

4.    Keep ... I’m listening to you. (talk)

5.    Linda offered ... my cat while I was out of town. (look after)

6.    You shouldn’t put off ... your bill. (pay)

7.    Alex’s dog loves ... sticks. (chase)

8.    Did you remember ... the stove (turn off)

9.    I hate ... any living being suffer. I can’t bear it. (see)

10. We’re going out for dinner. Would you like ... us? (join)